Marijuana’s dopamine boost terrifies prohibitionists

Reactionaries who oppose recreational marijuana rest their objections solely upon its ability to produce pleasure in its users. Cannabis advocates argue that pleasure is as much a legitimate medical treatment as a trip to a luxury health spa. The political and moral divide involving recreational drugs is bound up in antiquated philosophical debates regarding stoicism and Epicureanism. Beginning with early Christian leaders like the stoic Ambrose of Milan (339–397 CE) hedonism via chemicals was believed to be a source of decadence in people and particularly those in leadership positions. It was presumed that decadence and debauchery could trigger the destruction of empires. It was never that simple.

The culprit at the center of the dispute is a neurochemical called dopamine. Dopamine increases its concentration in the brain as THC interacts with cannabinoid receptors. It’s called the feel-good neurotransmitter because of the vital role it plays in brain chemistry with regard to motivation, pursuits of pleasure and mental and physical rewards.

Believing that THC is morally harmful because it increases dopamine makes little sense once it’s understood that dopamine blood levels will also increase with physical exercise, a healthy diet, getting enough sleep, meditation, listening to music, spending time outdoors in the sunlight, attending health spas, and pursuing positive social activities that include hobbies, achieving goals, and socializing. Foods rich in tyrosine such as almonds, avocados, bananas, eggs and beans also boost dopamine levels. None of these activities or foods are prohibited or criminalized in the manner of marijuana.

U.S. federal drug policies that currently criminalize marijuana consumers lag behind many cultures that accept its medical use, like modern Islam. American religions, sects, and cults rejecting marijuana use tend to be at the forefront of drug enforcement. Despite endless arguments condemning hedonism no evidence exists that cannabinoids ever destroyed empires and societies or killed people.

Confucianism is another religion that scapegoats drugs for the self-indulgences of leaders and other social disruptions. As Confucianism became a state ideology in the 6th century CE cannabis use in Japan, China, and Korea was suppressed. East Asian prohibition of cannabis was due largely to its use being associated with nomadic Central Asian invaders.

Early Egyptian, Greek, Carthaginian and Roman civilizations were kind enough to allow their citizens the use of cannabis during all the empires’ phases from rise to fall. Cannabis never hindered a great civilization’s empowerment or world dominance. Lazy stoner stereotypes didn’t exist. Instead, stoned Egyptian stonemasons and engineers built the pyramids and fit the large stones together with a precision unequaled for its time. Greek and Roman architecture, culture, science and intellectualism flourished along with the use of cannabis. Hannibal and his fellow Carthaginians consumed marijuana in the form of a tea. As for the fall of empires or city states, historians typically attribute the causes of decline to economic instabilities, corruption, military defeats, mega-droughts, famine, meteors, salinization of farm soil, isolationism and social upheavals—never marijuana.

Marijuana’s usefulness and its effect upon empires can be better understood by treating it as a dopamine booster or accelerator. Combining marijuana with music seems to make the music sound better. It gives its users an improved appetite—the munchies. Combining THC with meals can improve the taste of food, which is why it can be used medically to stimulate the failing appetites of cancer patients.

Public polling in the U.S. indicates marijuana’s role as the scapegoat for society’s ills is coming to an end. When its federal criminalization ceases it will mark a horribly traumatic defeat for prohibitionists. Rejecting the use of mind altering drugs the drug warriors will have no reliable way to treat their mental pain and anguish when they clock out from their jobs for the very last time.

On the other hand, stoic reactionaries who believe suffering is good for the soul, that life is nasty, brutish, and short, and that it should remain that way, may require public assistance and specialized attention that guarantees their continuing misery. Torture salons and pain spas might work. Packaged vacation trips to the Guantanamo Bay detention camp could become a big thing. Patrons of misery could relish the rack or the cat o’ nine tails. Christianity could revive and promote its practice of self-flagellation.

Whatever new or old services emerge, systemic wretchedness will always be available in stoic societies in the form of social stagnation, a lack of empathy and social bonding, suppressed emotions, inflexibility leading to a lack of adaptability, and detachments from external events or outcomes—a prohibitionist’s paradise.

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2 Responses to Marijuana’s dopamine boost terrifies prohibitionists

  1. Servetus says:

    Scientists in Philadelphia at the University of Pennsylvania have discovered the brain circuitry implicated in cocaine addictions:

    26-Feb-2025 – Imagine a future where the grip of cocaine use disorder can be loosened, where cravings fade, and the risk of relapse diminishes. A new study published in Science Advances, led by Penn Nursing’s Heath Schmidt, PhD, brings this vision closer to reality. The research has identified a critical brain circuit that plays a pivotal role in regulating cocaine-seeking behavior. […]

    This study delves deep into the brain, offering crucial insights into the underlying mechanisms of this complex disorder. By understanding how this intricate circuitry functions, scientists can pave the way for the development of more effective therapies […]

    At the heart of this discovery lies the role of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1), a hormone known for its involvement in regulating food intake and blood sugar. The study reveals that chronic cocaine use is associated with reduced GLP-1 levels, effects that suggest that increasing central GLP-1 signaling could reduce cocaine seeking.

    Further investigation pinpointed a specific brain circuit: GLP-1-producing neurons in the nucleus tractus solitarius (NTS) that project to the ventral tegmental area (VTA), a key brain region involved in reward and motivation. By manipulating this circuit, researchers were able to significantly reduce cocaine-seeking behavior in animal models.

    The study also sheds light on the specific cells involved. GLP-1 receptors were found to be primarily located on GABA neurons within the VTA. GABA, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a crucial role in regulating brain activity. Importantly, activating these GLP-1 receptors increases the activity of GABA neurons, which in turn reduces the activity of dopamine neurons, a key neurotransmitter involved in reward and addiction. […]

    AAAS Public Science News Release: A new path to recovery: Scientists uncover key brain circuit in the fight against cocaine use disorder

    Science Advances: An endogenous GLP-1 circuit engages VTA GABA neurons to regulate mesolimbic dopamine neurons and attenuate cocaine seeking

    Authors: Riley Merkel, Yafang Zhang, Antonia Caffrey, Matthew T. Rich, Richard C. Crist, Benjamin C. Reiner, and Heath D. Schmidt.

  2. Servetus says:

    Addiction pathways in the brain are discovered to be critically influenced by astrocytic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs):

    2-Mar-2025 — A recent study published in Engineering delves into the complex mechanisms of drug addiction, highlighting the crucial role of astrocytic G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs). This research offers fresh perspectives on understanding and potentially treating substance-use disorders (SUDs).

    For a long time, neuroscience research on drug addiction mainly focused on neuronal mechanisms. However, emerging evidence shows that astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system, also play a significant part. Astrocytes are not just passive supporters of neurons; they actively regulate synaptic transmission and neural network functions.

    The study specifically examines two types of GPCRs expressed on astrocytes: dopamine D1 receptors (D1R) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGLUR5). These receptors respond to various ligands, modulating astrocytic signaling and, in turn, influencing adjacent neurons and their circuitry. […]

    D1R … has been detected in multiple brain regions, including the nucleus accumbens (NAc). In NAc astrocytes, D1R-mediated signaling is complex. Activation of astrocytic D1R-IP3 signaling leads to adenosine release, which decreases glutamatergic transmission to NAc medium spiny neurons. Mice lacking functional astrocytic IP3R2 or D1Rs show attenuated behavioral sensitization to amphetamine, indicating the role of astrocytic D1Rs in drug-induced neuroplasticity.

    These findings about astrocytic GPCRs in drug addiction are significant. They not only enhance our understanding of the cellular mechanisms underlying SUDs but also open up new possibilities for developing more targeted therapeutic approaches. […]

    AAAS Public Science News Release: New insights into drug addiction: The role of astrocytic G protein-coupled receptors

    Science Direct: Engineering: Astrocytic G Protein-Coupled Receptors in Drug Addiction

    Authors: Alexander K. Zinsmaier, Eric J. Nestler, Yan Dong.

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